Akatswiri awiri opanga zinthu anasintha kuyesera komwe sikunayende bwino kukhala chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chinasintha kwambiri makampani otumiza katundu.
Pamene Howard Fielding wachinyamata anali kugwira mosamala luso lachilendo la abambo ake m'manja mwake, sankadziwa kuti njira yotsatira ingamupangitse kukhala woyambitsa mafashoni. M'dzanja lake anali ndi pepala lapulasitiki lophimbidwa ndi thovu lodzaza ndi mpweya. Poyendetsa zala zake pa filimu yoseketsayo, sanathe kukana chiyesocho: anayamba kutulutsa thovu - monga momwe dziko lonse lapansi lakhala likuchitira kuyambira pamenepo.
Kotero Fielding, yemwe anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 5 panthawiyo, anakhala munthu woyamba kupanga thovu lophimba zinthu kuti azisangalala. Kapangidwe kameneka kanasintha kwambiri makampani otumiza katundu, kanayambitsa nthawi ya malonda apaintaneti, komanso kanateteza mabiliyoni ambiri a katundu wotumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.
“Ndikukumbukira ndikuyang'ana zinthu izi ndipo chibadwa changa chinali kuzikanikiza,” anatero Fielding. “Ndinati ndine woyamba kutsegula chophimba cha thovu, koma ndikutsimikiza kuti sizowona. Akuluakulu omwe anali ndi abambo anga mwina anachita izi kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthuzo ndi zabwino. Koma mwina ndinali mwana woyamba.”
Anawonjezera akuseka, "Zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri kuzigwedeza. Kalelo thovulo linali lalikulu, kotero linkapanga phokoso lalikulu."
Bambo ake a Fielding, Alfred, adapanga thovu lophimba ndi mnzake wabizinesi, katswiri wa zamankhwala waku Switzerland, Marc Chavannes. Mu 1957, adayesa kupanga pepala lophimba lomwe lingakope chidwi cha "Beat Generation" yatsopano. Adayika zidutswa ziwiri za nsalu ya pulasitiki yosambiramo kudzera mu chotseka kutentha ndipo poyamba adakhumudwa ndi zotsatira zake: filimu yokhala ndi thovu mkati.
Komabe, opanga zinthu sanakane kotheratu kulephera kwawo. Analandira chilolezo choyamba mwa ma patent ambiri okhudza njira ndi zida zopangira zinthu zokongoletsa ndi zopaka utoto, kenako anayamba kuganizira za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito: zoposa 400 kwenikweni. Chimodzi mwa izo - chotetezera kutentha - chinachotsedwa pa bolodi lojambula, koma chinakhala chopambana kwambiri ngati mapepala opangidwa ndi nsalu. Chogulitsacho chinayesedwa mu greenhouse ndipo chinapezeka kuti sichigwira ntchito.
Pofuna kupitiliza kupanga zinthu zawo zachilendo, kampani ya Bubble Wrap, Fielding ndi Chavannes, idakhazikitsa Sealed Air Corp. mu 1960. Chaka chotsatira chokha ndi pomwe adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito ngati zinthu zopakira ndipo adapambana. IBM idangoyambitsa 1401 (yomwe imaonedwa ngati Model T mumakampani opanga makompyuta) ndipo idafunikira njira yotetezera zida zosalimba panthawi yotumiza. Monga akunenera, zina zonse ndi mbiri yakale.
"Ili ndi yankho la IBM ku vuto," anatero Chad Stevens, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa zatsopano ndi uinjiniya wa gulu lothandizira zinthu la Sealed Air. "Akhoza kutumiza makompyutawo m'malo otetezeka. Izi zatsegula chitseko kwa mabizinesi ambiri kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito thovu lophimba."
Makampani ang'onoang'ono opaka zinthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano mwachangu. Kwa iwo, kukulunga thovu ndi mphatso yabwino kwambiri. Kale, njira yabwino yotetezera zinthu panthawi yoyendera inali kuzikulunga ndi pepala losindikizidwa. Ndi zosokoneza chifukwa inki yochokera m'manyuzipepala akale nthawi zambiri imachotsa chinthucho ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito nacho. Kuphatikiza apo, sichipereka chitetezo chochuluka chotere.
Pamene kukulunga kwa thovu kunkatchuka, Sealed Air inayamba kupangidwa. Chogulitsachi chinasiyana mawonekedwe, kukula, mphamvu ndi makulidwe kuti chiwonjezere ntchito zosiyanasiyana: thovu lalikulu ndi laling'ono, mapepala akuluakulu ndi afupiafupi, mipukutu yayikulu ndi yayifupi. Pakadali pano, anthu ambiri akupeza chisangalalo chotsegula matumba odzaza mpweya (ngakhale Stevens akuvomereza kuti ndi "mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa").
Komabe, kampaniyo sinapeze phindu. TJ Dermot Dunphy anakhala CEO mu 1971. Anathandiza kukulitsa malonda a pachaka a kampaniyo kuchoka pa $5 miliyoni m'chaka chake choyamba kufika pa $3 biliyoni pofika nthawi yomwe anasiya kampaniyo mu 2000.
“Marc Chavannes anali katswiri wa masomphenya ndipo Al Fielding anali mainjiniya wapamwamba kwambiri,” anatero Dunphy, wazaka 86, yemwe amagwirabe ntchito tsiku lililonse ku kampani yake yachinsinsi yogulitsa ndalama ndi kuyang'anira, Kildare Enterprises. “Koma palibe aliyense wa iwo amene ankafuna kuyendetsa kampaniyo. Amangofuna kugwira ntchito pa zomwe adapanga.”
Dunphy, yemwe ndi katswiri wazamalonda, anathandiza Sealed Air kukhazikitsa ntchito zake ndikusandutsa zinthu zake zosiyanasiyana. Anakulitsanso mtundu wake mumakampani opanga ma dziwe osambira. Zophimba ma dziwe okhala ndi thovu zakhala zotchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Chivundikirocho chili ndi matumba akuluakulu a mpweya omwe amathandiza kusunga kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikusunga kutentha, kotero madzi a dziwe amakhalabe otentha popanda kutulutsa thovu la mpweya. Pomaliza pake kampaniyo idagulitsa mzerewu.
Mkazi wa Howard Fielding, Barbara Hampton, katswiri wodziwa zambiri za patent, anafulumira kufotokoza momwe ma patent amalola apongozi ake ndi mnzake kuchita zomwe amachita. Ponseponse, adalandira ma patent asanu ndi limodzi pa thovu lokulunga, ambiri mwa iwo anali okhudzana ndi njira yopangira embossing ndi laminating pulasitiki, komanso zida zofunika. Ndipotu, Marc Chavannes anali atalandira kale ma patent awiri a mafilimu a thermoplastic, koma mwina sanali kuganizira za thovu lotuluka m'maganizo panthawiyo. "Ma patent amapereka mwayi kwa anthu opanga kuti alandire mphotho chifukwa cha malingaliro awo," adatero Hampton.
Masiku ano, Sealed Air ndi kampani ya Fortune 500 yomwe idagulitsa ndalama zokwana $4.5 biliyoni mu 2017, antchito 15,000 ndi makasitomala otumikira m'maiko 122. Poyamba inali ku New Jersey, kampaniyo idasamutsa likulu lake lapadziko lonse lapansi ku North Carolina mu 2016. Kampaniyo imapanga ndikugulitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Cryovac, pulasitiki yopyapyala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popakira chakudya ndi zinthu zina. Sealed Air imaperekanso ma phukusi opanda mpweya kuti itumize kwa makasitomala motchipa.
“Ndi mtundu wopumira mpweya,” anatero Stevens. “M’malo mwa mipukutu yayikulu ya mpweya, timagulitsa mipukutu ya filimu yokulungidwa bwino yokhala ndi njira yowonjezera mpweya ngati pakufunika. Ndi yothandiza kwambiri.”
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Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-05-2024